\chapter{Introduction}

This chapter introduces your research, outlines the context, explains the rationale, and sets the stage for the rest of your thesis. It also demonstrates the basic \LaTeX\ environments you will frequently use. All formatting aspects like \textbf{margins}, \textbf{line spacing}, and \textbf{font style} are pre-defined in the class file (\texttt{karunya-thesis.cls}). Do not attempt to change it unless you are a \LaTeX\ expert and even then, modifications are discouraged.

\section{Purpose of this Chapter}

This chapter serves as a demonstration section to illustrate how to:
\begin{itemize}
	\item Cite references using BibLaTeX
	\item Use sections, subsections, and subsubsections
	\item Insert equations with chapter-wise numbering
	\item Add figures and tables with proper captions and labels
\end{itemize}

\section{Reference Citation Demo}

Managing references is easy in \LaTeX\ when you use a BibTeX-compatible reference manager. Here are some commonly used tools:

\begin{itemize}
	\item \href{https://www.zotero.org/}{\textbf{Zotero}} - A free, beginner-friendly tool with a browser extension and cloud sync. Great for collecting references from the web and collaborating with others.
	
	\item \href{https://www.mendeley.com/}{\textbf{Mendeley}} - Ideal for researchers in collaborative or cross-disciplinary environments. Offers PDF annotation, cloud storage, and citation integration with Word and \LaTeX.
	
	\item \href{https://www.jabref.org/}{\textbf{JabRef}} - A BibTeX-native reference manager built specifically for \LaTeX\ users. Best suited for those working extensively with `.bib' files and needing advanced BibTeX key management.
\end{itemize}

%All these tools allow you to export your references to a `.bib' file, which you can load into your \LaTeX\ project. To cite within your document, use the `\texttt{\textbackslash parencite\{key\}}' command. Your bibliography will be automatically generated and styled based on your selected reference style (APA, IEEE, etc.).

All these tools allow you to export your references to a .bib file, which you can load into your \LaTeX\ project.

To cite within your document, use:
\begin{itemize}
	\item \texttt{\textbackslash parencite\{key\}} for parenthetical citations
	\item \texttt{\textbackslash textcite\{key\}} when the author’s name forms part of the sentence
\end{itemize}

Your bibliography will be automatically generated and formatted according to the selected reference style (APA, IEEE, etc.).

\noindent\textit{Note: All references cited in this section are fictitious and are included solely to demonstrate citation and bibliography features of the  \LaTeX\ thesis template.}


Template discipline matters. \textcite{latexMaster2023} provides a structured approach to thesis layout and referencing, and the same source can also be cited parenthetically \parencite{latexMaster2023}. Figure-handling failures are often less “mystery” and more “missing file path”, as shown by \textcite{figChaos2021}. For multi-author works, conference and journal examples are useful: energy-aware routing is reported by \textcite{2022WirelessSensors} (three authors), while low-power edge intelligence is examined in \parencite{2024AdaptiveIoT} (three authors). For single-author classics, citations often read very cleanly in text—see \textcite{maxwellFoundations1873}. Finally, online sources can be cited like any other work \parencite{stackexchange2024,overleafDocs2023}.


\subsection*{How to Refer to Things in \LaTeX}

Here’s how to refer to:
\begin{itemize}
	\item a \textbf{figure} - “as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:spiral}”
	\item a \textbf{table} - “see Table~\ref{tab:wordstats}”
	\item an \textbf{equation} - “from Equation~\ref{eq:nls}”
\end{itemize}

\section{Quotes in \LaTeX}

Use quotes sparingly and only when relevant. Below is a demonstration of the \texttt{quote} environment:

\begin{quote}
	``Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.''\\
	\hfill -- Robert Collier
\end{quote}


\section{Figures with Captions}

Use high-resolution figures (minimum 300~dpi for raster images), preferably in \texttt{.pdf}, \texttt{.png}, or \texttt{.eps} format, and include a meaningful caption. All text within figures (axis labels, legends, annotations, and embedded text) must be in \textbf{Times New Roman}, consistent with the thesis body font, and fonts must be properly embedded in exported files. The short caption (inside square brackets) appears in the List of Figures.


\begin{figure}[H]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{TeX_files/Chapter_01/fig_spiral.pdf}
	\caption[Demo Plot]{A hypothetical spiral showing thesis-related emotional states during various stages of writing.}
	\label{fig:spiral}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{TeX_files/Chapter_01/fig_loss_landscape.pdf}
	\caption[Loss Landscape]{An imaginary loss landscape visualized during model training.}
	\label{fig:loss}
\end{figure}

\section{Tables with Useful Data}

Keep tables clear and concise. Use the \texttt{tabular} environment and give each table a unique label.

\begin{table}[H]
	\centering
	\caption[Word Count Stats]{Mean word count observed across chapters in this template.}
	\label{tab:wordstats}
	\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|}
		\hline
		\textbf{Chapter} & \textbf{Mean Words} & \textbf{Mood Level} \\
		\hline
		Introduction     & 1200                & Optimistic \\
		Methodology      & 5000                & Serious \\
		Results          & 6000                & Sleep-Deprived \\
		Conclusion       & 3000                & Triumphant \\
		\hline
	\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\section{Equations and Chapter-wise Numbering}

Equations are automatically numbered as (1.1), (1.2), ... in Chapter 1. This formatting is already implemented in the class file.

\begin{equation}
	i \frac{\partial \psi}{\partial t} + \frac{1}{2} \frac{\partial^2 \psi}{\partial x^2} + |\psi|^2 \psi = 0
	\label{eq:nls}
\end{equation}

Equation~\ref{eq:nls} is the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Understanding this equation is not required unless you are in quantum optics.

\section{Graph Tools for Thesis Figures}

Here are some tools you may use to generate professional plots for your thesis:

\begin{itemize}
	\item \href{https://matplotlib.org/}{Matplotlib} - Python’s powerful plotting library.
	\item \href{https://seaborn.pydata.org/}{Seaborn} - Statistical data visualization in Python.
	\item \href{https://www.originlab.com/}{OriginLab} - Great for publication-quality plots.
	\item \href{https://inkscape.org/}{Inkscape} - Best for vector illustrations and diagrams.
\end{itemize}

Ensure graphs are exported at 300 dpi minimum, with axis labels, legends, and annotations in Times New Roman font.

\section{Conclusion}

This chapter walks you through the common environments and their recommended usages. Chapter 2 will include more placeholder content, demo equations, and remaining figures. Replace it with your actual content while keeping the structure intact.